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The TCP/IP Stack
The TCP/IP Stack, or the internet protocol suite, is a set of communication protocols used by the Internet or similar networks. Originally resulting from research at DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency). The TCP/IP stack has gradually grown to include a suite of protocols. (A protocol is simply a "set of rules", in this context, for governing networks)
Great context for the four layer model and TCP/IP
TCP Explained
Additional Reading
https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/t/tcpip.htm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol
https://www.guru99.com/tcp-ip-model.html
https://www.plixer.com/blog/network-layers-explained/