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Synchronous and asynchronous transmission
In Synchronous Transmission, data is sent in form of blocks or frames. This transmission is the full duplex type. Between sender and receiver the synchronization is compulsory. In Synchronous transmission, There is no gap present between data. It is more efficient and more reliable than asynchronous transmission to transfer the large amount of data.
In Asynchronous Transmission, data is sent in form of byte or character. This transmission is the half duplex type transmission. In this transmission start bits and stop bits are added with data. It does not require synchronization.
Additional Reading
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/difference-between-synchronous-and-asynchronous-transmission/
https://techdifferences.com/difference-between-synchronous-and-asynchronous-transmission.html