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An embedded system is a controller that sits within a larger system in order to perform a dedicated function.
They are used in a host of modern devices, including household machines such as microwaves, toasters and washing machines. Embedded systems in a washing machine, for example, would be tasked with the closing and opening of valves to let water through into the system at set intervals (pre-wash, washing) and then out when it needs to drain. These processes are controlled by microcontrollers.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embedded_system
https://internetofthingsagenda.techtarget.com/definition/embedded-system
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