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Feedback in a control system

What is Feedback?

It is the modification or control of a process or system by its results or effects, for example in a fridge the thermometer provides feedback to the sensor that switches the refrigeration system on/off.

Processes that use feedback

• A missile tracking a moving target • A heating system in a house • A life-support system on a spacecraft • … any situation that changes constantly that needs the system to react according to the new input

India successfully test-fires Quick Reaction Surface to Air Missile system

Self Driving cars

Types

Control systems can be open loop or closed loop.

Open loop systems will just consider the input and then keep repeating the same task given the input, e.g. a microwave heats for a given time period without actually checking the temperature of the food.

Closed loop systems on the other hand will also take into account other factors, including the output itself. For example a water tank control system that keeps water levels constant will constantly adjust its output (opening or closing a valve) depending on the input it gets from water level sensors.

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