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Email Protocols
What happens to an email when you press "send"?
Email protocol is a method by which a communication channel is established between two computers and email is transferred between them. ... One computer sends the mail and the other one receives it. The mail server stores the mail and lets the receiving device access it and download it if needed.
SMTP
An SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) server is an application that's primary purpose is to send, receive, and/or relay outgoing mail between email senders and receivers.
IMAP and POP3
IMAP and POP3 are the two most commonly used Internet mail protocols for retrieving emails. Both protocols are supported by all modern email clients and web servers. While the POP3 protocol assumes that your email is being accessed only from one application, IMAP allows simultaneous access by multiple clients.
Additional Reading
https://www.techwalla.com/articles/what-is-email-protocol
'https://www.siteground.com/tutorials/email/protocols-pop3-smtp-imap/